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- C O S M O S
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- Planetarium Simulator
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- Version 8.07
- Copyright 1988,1989
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- April 30, 1989
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- by Gene W. Lee
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- Table of Contents
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- Introduction 3
- Horizon Display Description 4
- Zenith Display Description 5
- Pick Mode 6
- Orbital Display Description 7
- Ecliptic Orbital Display Description 8
- Planet Size Display 8
- Planet Position Display 9
- Planet Distance Display 9
- Planet Rise Times Display 9
- Menu Descriptions 10
- a. Main Menu 10
- b. Star Setup Menu 12
- c. Time Setup Menu 13
- d. Location Setup Menu 14
- e. Planet Setup Menu 14
- Files used by the program 15
- a. STARFILE 15
- b. MENU.SAV 16
- c. COSMOS.DOC 16
- d. COSMOS.EXE 16
- Technical Notes 16
- a. GMT Time / Local Time /Daylight Savings Time 16
- b. Phase 16
- c. Altitude and Azimuth 17
- d. AU Astronomical Units 17
- e. Formulas used by the program 17
- f. Development System 17
- g. Program Accuracy 17
- h. Astronomical Experiments 18
- i. History of Enhancements 20
- j. Caveats 25
- k. Program Call 26
- l. COSMOS Environment Variable 26
- Terms of License 28
- Copyright Notice 29
- Index 32
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- Introduction
-
- Cosmos is a program which provides astronomical simulations the
- same way a planetarium does. Cosmos will show the past, present
- and future skies as viewed from Earth. It also shows the position
- of the planets in orbit around the Sun and gives specific data
- about the celestial bodies.
-
- Program options allow the user to select date/time of display,
- direction of view, viewer's latitude and longitude, screen
- updating parameters and much more.
- Using the display updating parameters Cosmos can display a
- complete days movement of the heavens, or demonstrate the
- retrograde motion of the planets by displaying the sky at the
- same time each consecutive day.
-
- Cosmos was written on a UNISYS IT with EGA graphics and a 80287.
- The program is intended to run on any DOS system that has VGA,
- EGA, CGA or Hercules graphics. Although the program will run in
- CGA mode, the display is very poor because of the lack of
- resolution and colors. If you must use CGA mode, try forcing
- Monochrome Hires mode. See program call options for details.
-
- The program will also run with or without a math co-processor,
- however, it is painfully slow without one because of the intense
- floating point arithmetic involved.
-
-
- If the version number displayed on the first screen ends with
- '(Limited)', this version of Cosmos is being distributed as a
- Limited Demonstration version. Its limitations are that it will
- work only for the years 1986 through 1988 and that it includes
- less stars in the data base. The Full Function version will work
- between the years 1700 and 2500. The full function version also
- includes over 2100 stars and messier objects.
- The Full Function version can be requested by sending a support
- donation using the form at the end of this document.
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- Horizon Display Description
-
- The Horizon display attempts to show the sky as seen from Earth
- when looking in specified direction at a specific time of day.
- The left side of the display is what would be seen over your left
- shoulder as is the right side over your right shoulder. The top
- of of the display shows what you would see directly over your
- head. You must realize that distortion increases as you
- approach the edges of the arc. Another way to think of what the
- display is representing is image you are sitting in the middle of
- the planetarium. You see in front of you half of the dome. The
- difference is that at the planetarium your field of view would
- not be large large enough to see the complete half dome all at
- one time, and with the program the complete half dome is plotted
- on the screen.
-
- The Moon is drawn in its approximate phase with the New Moon
- represented with an empty circle. The drawing of the phase of
- the Moon is rounded to the nearest quarter ( New, First Quarter,
- Half, Third Quarter, Full, etc.).
-
- By using menu selections you can control the brightness of the
- stars, direction of view, select Real Time display or a User
- defined time, change the update rate of the display and much
- more.
-
- As in all displays the Escape key exits from the display. See
- the Display Help menu for more information.
-
- Note that the time and date displayed at the top of the screen
- represent Local Time and assume that the system clock is set to
- daylight savings time when applicable ( see technical notes for
- more details on daylight savings time ). When 'Leave Trails' is
- turned on the time/date displayed on the left are the start time
- and the time/date on the right are the current time.
-
-
- CONTROL KEYS for this display are:
-
- p: Pause the updating of this display and put the
- display in PICK mode (See Pick Mode)
-
- Escape: Exit Pause/Pick Mode.
-
- s: Pick Star while in Pick Mode. Any key press
- releases pick.
-
- h: Highlight all stars in the constellation that
- contains the star that has been Picked.
-
- l: Dump current screen to an IBM compatible printer
- (Best results are obtained in EGA Mode)
-
- left/right arrows: scroll display view to the left/right.
- ( changes view direction )
-
- Zenith Display Description
-
- The Zenith display attempts to show the sky as seen from Earth
- when looking directly over head at a given time of day.
- The top of the display represents the compass direction of North,
- Down is South, Right is to the West and the left side of the
- circle is toward the East horizon You must realize that
- distortion increases as you approach the edges of the circle,
- especially for small values of View Angle.
-
- The Zenith View Angle specifies the lowest Altitude an object may
- have and still be plotted on the display. For example, if Zero
- is entered, then all object who's altitude is currently above the
- horizon will be plotted. If 89 is entered, only objects who's
- current altitude is greater than 89 will be display, thus the
- effective view angle is only objects within one degree of
- vertical.
- The Moon is drawn in its approximate phase with the New Moon
- represented with an empty circle. The drawing of the phase of
- the Moon is rounded to the nearest quarter ( New, First Quarter,
- Half, Third Quarter, Full, etc.).
-
- By using menu selections you can control the brightness of the
- stars, direction of view, select Real Time display or a User
- defined time, change the update rate of the display and much
- more.
-
- As in all displays the Escape key exits from the display. See
- the Display Help menu for more information.
-
- Note that the time and date displayed at the top of the screen
- represent Local Time and assume that the system clock is set to
- daylight savings time when applicable ( see technical notes for
- more details on daylight savings time ). When 'Leave Trails' is
- turned on the time/date displayed on the left are the start time
- and the time/date on the right are the current time.
-
-
- CONTROL KEYS for this display are:
-
- p: Pause the updating of this display and put the
- display in PICK mode (See Pick Mode)
-
- Escape: Exit Pause/Pick Mode.
-
- s: Pick Star while in Pick Mode. Any key press
- releases pick.
-
- h: Highlight all stars in the constellation that
- contains the star that has been Picked.
-
- l: Dump current screen to an IBM compatible printer
- (Best results are obtained in EGA Mode)
-
- Pick Mode
-
- When in the HORIZON or ZENITH display modes the user has the
- option of picking an object on the display to find out what it
- is. If the cursor is within the capture range of an object it
- will lock on to that object and display information about it. If
- the cursor is not within the capture range of an object the
- Altitude/Azimuth and Right Ascension/Declination of the spot
- selected is displayed.
- After a star has been Picked, the user has the option of
- highlighting all stars which are in the constellation that
- contains the picked star.
-
- HOW TO USE THIS FEATURE:
-
- While in the horizon or zenith display modes, press the 'p' key
- to enter Pick mode. After all objects on the display have been
- updated to reflect the displayed time, Pick mode will be entered.
- Move the cursor around the screen by pressing the arrow keys.
- For finer cursor movement press the SHIFT key along with an arrow
- key. When the cursor is pointing at the desired object press 's'
- to select. If the cursor is within the capture range of an
- object the cursor will first be repositioned to point at the
- object. A pop up window will then appear which will provide
- details about the object. Included in this information is
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- -Altitude and Azimuth (See Technical notes for definition).
-
- -Right Ascension and Declination.
-
- -Apparent Magnitude of the object.
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- -Constellation the object is part of.
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- -Name of the object if known.
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- -Spectral Type of the object.
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- -Object Type (Star,Double star, Planet, Nebula, etc.).
-
- If an object other than a planet was selected, the user has the
- option to Highlight all objects in the constellation containing
- this object. To perform highlighting, press the 'h' key when the
- display directs you to do so. Pressing any other key will
- release pop up window.
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- Orbital Display Description
-
- The Orbital Display attempts to show the position of the planets
- as they orbit the Sun. The view is from above the plane of the
- system with planets moving counter clockwise around the Sun.
-
- By using the control keys you can zoom in toward the Sun or back
- away from it. The 't' key toggles whether the planets leave a
- trail as they move. The control keys will also allow you to
- freeze the motion of the planets.
-
- As in all displays the Escape key exits from the display. See the
- Display Help menu for more information.
-
- Note that the time and date displayed at the top of the screen
- represent Local Time land and assume system clock is set to
- daylight savings time when applicable ( see technical notes for
- more details on daylight savings time ). When 'Leave Trails'
- is turned on the time/date displayed on the left are the start
- time and the time/date on the right are the current time.
-
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- CONTROL KEYS for this display are:
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- p: Pause the updating of this display
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- t: Toggles whether planets leave a trail as they move
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- +: Zooms in on the Sun
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- -: Zooms out from the Sun
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- r: Restore Default Zoom value
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- l: Dump current screen to an IBM compatible printer
- (Best results are obtained in EGA Mode)
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- Orbital Display Description
-
- The Ecliptic Orbital Display attempts to show the position of the
- planets as they orbit the Sun. The perspective of the view is
- edge-on as seen from a position in the direction of the bottom of
- the screen on the Orbital Display.
-
- By using the control keys you can zoom in toward the Sun or back
- away from it. The 't' key toggles whether the planets leave a
- trail as they move. The control keys will also allow you to
- freeze the motion of the planets.
-
- As in all displays the Escape key exits from the display. See the
- Display Help menu for more information.
-
- Note that the time and date displayed at the top of the screen
- represent Local Time land and assume system clock is set to
- daylight savings time when applicable ( see technical notes for
- more details on daylight savings time ). When 'Leave Trails'
- is turned on the time/date displayed on the left are the start
- time and the time/date on the right are the current time.
-
-
-
- CONTROL KEYS for this display are:
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- p: Pause the updating of this display
-
- t: Toggles whether planets leave a trail as they move
-
- +: Zooms in on the Sun
-
- -: Zooms out from the Sun
-
- r: Restore Default Zoom value
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- l: Dump current screen to an IBM compatible printer
- (Best results are obtained in EGA Mode)
-
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- Planet Size Display
-
- The Size display allows the user to visualize the difference in
- size between any two planets, the Sun or the Moon. The display
- draws the two bodies to relative scale and labels them on the
- bottom of the display. Above each of the bodies their diameter in
- Miles is given. The figures which appear between the two bodies
- shows the ratio of the size of the larger to the smaller one.
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- Planet Position Display
-
- This screen provides numerical information about the planets, Sun
- and Moon's position as views from Earth.
-
- The right ascension and declination for each body is given along
- with its Altitude and Azimuth.
- Each time a key is pressed ( excluding the Escape key and the
- 'A' key) the display time is updated according to the
- *Update Mode and the fields are re-calculated and re-displayed.
- Pressing the 'A' key will cause the display to continuously
- update until another key is pressed.
-
- * Refer to Update Mode description of the Setup Time Menu.
-
-
- Planet Distance Display
-
- This screen provides numerical information about the planets and
- Sun.
-
- It currently displays the distance from the Earth to each of the
- Planets and the distance from each of the Planets to the Sun.
- The distance is measured in Astronomical Units (AUs) and in
- Millions of miles. AUs are equal to 149.6 Million Kilometers or
- 92.96 Million Miles.
-
- Each time a key is pressed ( excluding the Escape key and the
- 'A' key ) the display time is updated according to the
- *Update Mode and the fields are re-calculated and re-displayed.
- Pressing the 'A' key will cause the display to continuously
- update until another key is pressed.
-
- * Refer to Update Mode description of the Setup Time Menu.
-
-
-
- Planet Rise Times Display
-
- This screen provides numerical information about the planets,
- Moon and Sun rise and set times.
-
- This display shows the rise and set time of each of the planets,
- the Sun and the Moon. The Total Rise column gives the amount of
- time the body is above the horizon. The Phase and Apparent
- Magnitude of each of the bodies are also listed.
-
- Each time a key is pressed ( excluding the Escape key and the
- 'A' key ) the display time is updated according to the
- *Update Mode and the fields are re-calculated and re-displayed.
- Pressing the 'A' key will cause the display to continuously
- update until another key is pressed.
-
- * Refer to Update Mode description of the Setup Time Menu.
-
- Menu Descriptions
-
- This section will describe the purpose and function of each of
- the menu screens.
-
- a. Main Menu
-
- DISPLAY TYPE is filled in with the type of display
- you wish to see. (Refer to description of each
- display type)
-
- 1 -Horizon
- 2 -Orbital
- 3 -Planetary Data
- 4 -Distance Data
- 9 -Help Menu for Display Control
- 0 -Exit Program
-
- VIEW DIRECTION is used to select which way you are
- looking when using the Horizon Display. Direction
- is the same as its measured using a magnetic
- compass.
-
- ZENITH VIEW ANGLE defines the lowest altitude that
- a body can be at and still appear on the Zenith
- display
-
- LEAVE TRAIL selects whether the bodies on the
- Horizon and Orbital display leave a trail behind
- them as they move.
-
- SETUP TIME MENU is used to change the display time,
- update mode and update rate.
-
- SETUP LOCATION MENU allows definition of where the
- observer is located on the Earth.
-
- SETUP STARS MENU is used to change parameters
- dealing with how stars are displayed on the Horizon
- Display.
-
- SETUP PLANETS MENU is used to enable/disable the
- display of each planet (including Sun and Moon).
-
- RESTORE MENU SETUP will reread menu.sav file and
- re-load the default menu setup that the program
- start up with.
-
- SAVE MENU SETUP will save the current state of the
- menu selections and definitions.
- NOTE: The saved menu configuration is read in at
- program startup. This will enable you to set
- such things as your longitude and latitude and have
- them come up as the default every time you run the
- program.
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- Example, Go through all the menus setting up the
- parameters the way you they apply to your specific
- situation. Then select "Save Menu Setup" by
- entering a "y" on the Save Menu Setup line followed
- by pressing the Escape key. From now on the menus
- will be setup this way every time you start the
- program.
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- b. Star Setup Menu
-
- This menu is used to configure how stars will be
- displayed when viewing the Horizon Display. Stars
- can be turned on and off and their apparent
- magnitude can be adjusted.
-
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- DISPLAY STARS selects whether or not stars are
- displayed on the Horizon Display ( Note: our Sun is
- not considered in the set of stars but is treated
- more like a planet)
-
- FIRST CUTOFF, Stars with magnitudes between minus
- infinity and the First Cutoff are displayed in a
- high intensity white.
-
- SECOND CUTOFF, stars with magnitudes between the
- first cutoff and the second cutoff are displayed in
- a medium intensity white.
-
- THIRD CUTOFF, stars with magnitudes between the
- second cutoff and the third cutoff are displayed in
- a low intensity white.
-
- Stars with magnitudes dimmer than the third cutoff
- are not displayed.
-
- These cutoff values allow the user to limit the
- stars displayed to the stars that can actually be
- seen due to the amount of ambient city lights where
- they are located.
-
- HIGHLIGHT CONSTELLATIONS determines whether or not
- the constellation that the PICKED star is in is
- highlighted (See Pick Mode).
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- c. Time Setup Menu
-
- This menu is used to define the time for which the
- display in drawn and to define how much time each
- consecutive display is advanced.
-
- UPDATE MODE, If System Clock (0) mode is selected
- then the system's clock is used to derive the time
- for each consecutive display and the value of
- Update Rate is ignored.
-
- Values other than System Clock use the User Defined
- Time described below and are incremented each
- consecutive display by adding the Update Rate to
- the displayed time according to the display mode.
-
- A Sidereal Day is one revolution of the Earth with
- reference to the stars ( instead of the Sun ). It
- is approximately equal to 23 hours and 56 minutes.
-
- A Lunar Day is one revolution of the Earth with
- reference to the Moon ( instead of the Sun ). It is
- approximately equal to 1 day and 50 minutes.
-
- UPDATE RATE defines how much time is added to each
- consecutive display. It is used when ever the
- 'System Clock' Update Mode is NOT selected. See
- Update Mode definition.
-
-
- MONTH, DAY, YEAR, HOUR, MIN, SEC are used as the
- User Defined Time. See Update Mode.
- * NOTE *: User defined time is specified in
- Local Time including Daylight Savings Time when
- applicable.
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- d. Location Setup Menu
-
- This menu allows the user to define where they are
- located on the planet Earth. This information is
- not used in the Orbital Display.
-
- LONGITUDE is the observer's longitude on Earth.
- This value is used in the Horizon Display. West of
- the Prime Meridian is positive and East is
- nEGAtive.
-
- Example: Mpls, Mn. is approximately +90
- Columbus, Ohio is approx. +80
-
- LATITUDE is the observer's latitude on Earth. This
- value is used in the Horizon Display. North of the
- Equator is positive and South is negative.
-
- Example: Mpls, Mn. is approximately +45
- Columbus, Ohio is approx. +40
-
- TIME ZONE describes the difference between
- Greenwich time and local time.
-
- Example : Central Time is a +6.
- Eastern Time is a +5.
-
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- e. Planet Setup Menu
-
- This menu is used to select which bodies will
- appear on the displays. Select 'y' to enable the
- display of each body and 'n' to disable it.
-
- Yes Carl Sagan, I know, the Sun and Moon are not
- really planets.
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- Files used by the program
-
- This section describes the files used by Cosmos. It explains
- their usage and where applicable, their format.
-
- a. STARFILE
-
- This file contains the star data used by Cosmos.
- Cosmos will read as many of the stars listed in the
- file as will fit into the available memory on your
- system. This file is in binary format and contains
- the following information.
-
- - Right Ascension of the object.
-
- - Declination of the object.
-
- - Magnitude (apparent) of the object.
-
- - Which constellation the object belongs to.
- This information is shown when a star is PICKED on
- the horizon screen.
-
- - The name of the object.
- This information is shown when a star is PICKED on
- the horizon screen.
-
- - Object Type which gives the type of body the
- object is.
- i.e. - Star, Double Star, Nebula, etc.
- This information is shown when a star is PICKED on
- the horizon screen.
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- - Spectral Type of the object.
- This information is shown when a star is PICKED on
- the horizon screen.
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- b. MENU.SAV
-
- This is the file used to save the current setup of
- the menus. Refer to it's definition under the Save
- Setup section of the Main Menu description.
- Every time Cosmos is started, this file is read
- ( if it exists ) and the menu default parameter are
- loaded from it. This file is also read to re-load
- the default menu parameters on the 'restore default
- menu' option.
-
-
- c. COSMOS.DOC
-
- This document.
-
-
- d. COSMOS.EXE
-
- The executable program.
-
-
-
- Technical Notes
-
-
- a. GMT Time / Local Time /Daylight Savings Time
-
- Cosmos thinks in terms of Greenwich Mean Time but
- interfaces with the user in Local Time. Cosmos
- uses the value you set in TIME ZONE ( see the
- Location Menu ) to make this correction.
-
- Your system clock should be set to the correct
- local time. This includes daylight savings time if
- applicable. If daylight savings time is not
- instituted where you are or you do not want to set
- your system's clock in daylight saving time, Cosmos
- can be called with the 'n' option. This will
- instruct the program not to make any corrections
- for daylight savings time and will expect the clock
- to be set to Local Standard time.
-
- NOTE: Daylight Savings Time is assumed to begin on
- the FIRST Sunday of April and end on the LAST
- Sunday of October (U.S. DST). European DST (see the
- 'd' program call option) is assumed to begin on the
- LAST Sunday of March and end on the LAST Sunday of
- September.
-
-
- b. Phase
-
- The phase of a body is defined as follows:
- ( using the Moon phases as an example )
-
- 0,360 degrees is the New Moon.
-
- 270 degrees is the first half ( Waxing half ).
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- 180 degrees is the full Moon.
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- 90 degrees is the last half ( Waning half ).
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- This applies to all other solar system bodies.
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- c. Altitude and Azimuth
-
- Altitude and Azimuth describe the elevation and
- compass direction from the observer.
-
- Altitude is measured in degrees above the horizon.
- 0.0 is on the horizon and 90.0 is straight up. A
- negative altitude implies that the object is below
- the horizon.
-
- Azimuth is measured in degrees from North. 0.0 is
- North, 90.0 is East, 180.0 is South and 270.0 is
- West.
-
- d. AU Astronomical Units
-
- Astronomical Units are a measure of length which
- are roughly equal to the radius of the Earth's
- orbit around the Sun at its farthest point.
- 1 AU = 149.6 Million kilometers.
-
- e. Formulas used by the program
-
- The formulas used by this program were derived
- using the book 'Practical astronomy with your
- calculator' written by Duffet Smith, Peter.
- Published by Press Syndicate of the University of
- Cambridge 1979, 1981.
-
-
- f. Development System
-
- This program was written using Turbo-C 1.5 on a
- Unisys IT with an EGA display and a 80287.
-
- g. Program Accuracy
-
- The accuracy of the positions calculated and
- plotted vary at most by a couple of minutes of arc.
- This will produce plots that are well within the
- needs of an amateur astronomers, however, it should
- not be used for Celestial navigation.
-
-
- h. Astronomical Experiments
-
- These are just some of the ways you can use Cosmos
- to watch the heavens move. Many more are possible,
- its up to your imagination.
-
-
- -- Watch a complete day go by in minutes.
-
- To see the Sun, Moon and the planets traverse the
- sky while you watch it a simple task.
- To see this motion set the Update Mode to
- "Increment by minutes" and set the Update Rate to
- four or five. Turn off the stars to increase the
- display update speed. Look at the southern horizon
- and watch the days go by.
-
-
- -- Watch the stars circle the North Star as the
- Earth rotates through a day.
-
- The North Star is approximately aligned with the
- Earth's axis of rotation. If you photograph the
- northern sky with long exposures you will get a
- picture with the stars forming concentric circles
- around the North Star.
- To create this picture using Cosmos, set up the
- horizon display to view the northern sky from a
- northern latitude. Turn on "Bodies Leave Trails".
- Set the Update Mode to "Increment Minutes" and the
- Update Rate to about 5. As you watch each frame of
- the display progress the concentric circles appear.
-
-
- -- Watch the Sun's height in the sky at noon change
- through out the year.
-
- As the Earth travels around the Sun the angle
- between an observer on the Earth and the Sun
- changes. On the Winter Solstice the Sun is low in
- the sky at noon and on the Summer Solstice it
- reaches its high point.
- To see this you can use the program to display the
- position of the Sun every day at noon. Set the
- "Bodies Leave Trails" to YES. Set the Update Mode
- to Increment Day and set the Update Rate to one.
- Displaying the southern horizon you will see the
- Sun Rise as Summer approaches and then began to
- fall as Fall leads to Winter.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- -- Watch the movement of the Sun during a Summer
- day above the Arctic Circle.
-
- At latitudes above the Arctic Circle the Sun will
- not set on the longest day of the year, June 21.
- To recreate this 24 hour day set the viewers
- latitude to a value between 66.5 and 90.0. Set the
- time of display to be June 21 of any year. This can
- be accomplished by setting the Update Mode to
- Increment Minutes and the Update Rate to about
- five. If you watch the Suns movement during one
- full day you will notice that the sun did not rise
- and set but rather that it followed a path of equal
- height around the horizon. If you display
- Planetary Data (from the main menu) you will notice
- that the Rise/Set time for the Sun is "Never Sets".
-
-
-
- -- Watch the retrograde motion of the planets.
-
- The retrograde motion of the planets refers to the
- way they wander through the constellations from
- night to night. In fact, the word planet means
- wanderer.
- To see this motion, set the Update Mode to
- "Increment Sidereal Day" and set the Update rate to
- two or three. This mode updates the display by the
- same amount of time it takes the stars to return to
- the same position in the sky each consecutive
- night. Turning off the display of the Moon and Sun
- is recommended for this experiment If you set
- "Bodies Leave Trails" the planets will draw their
- paths through the stars as they move. A
- recommended Date/Location setup for this display
- is; look at the southern horizon from North America
- at Midnight on September first. With Stars
- displayed it can take up to fifteen minutes (with
- math co-processor)to get an interesting display.
-
-
-
-
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-
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-
-
-
-
- i. History of Enhancements
-
- Revision 5.73 5-9-88
- First Public Release
-
- Revision 5.74 5-25-88
- New Memory Model allows all stars in starfile to
- fit into memory.
- Problem with program stating "Rename program to
- cosmos.exe" when DOS switch char is changed has
- been fixed.
- Attempted fix for intermittent math error on some
- systems was made. (time will tell)
-
- Revision 5.75 6-1-88
- Program uses expanded star file which now includes
- star names/descriptions and also has more stars.
-
- Revision 5.76 6-11-88
- Added menu selection to re-read the default menu
- setup from file MENU.SAV.
-
- Revision 5.77 6-14-88
- Fixed two coding bugs which caused floating point
- math errors.
-
- Revision 5.78 6-20-88
- Test of Star Pick functions (UNRELEASED)
-
- Revision 5.79 6-22-88
- Changed format of starfile to binary file. Stars
- load in 1/4 the old load time.
-
- Revision 5.80 6-24-88
- Fixed bug in program that incorrectly rounded star
- magnitude cutoff values to integers.
-
- Revision 5.81 6-25-88
- Added constellation highlighting feature when a
- star is Picked (See horizon display for details).
- This new menu option causes old menu.sav files to
- become invalid. Execute Menu Save option again.
- Changed the color of Neptune so that it is
- different than Jupiter.
-
- Revision 5.82 6-26-88
- First version to have Pick cursor working. Cursor
- shape needs more work.
-
- Revision 5.83 6-29-88
- Method for highlighting constellations changed; no
- longer use menu option to determine whether or not
- to highlight. Instruction on how to use Pick Mode
- are now given interactively to the user.
-
-
- Revision 5.84 7-2-88
- Program now uses and displays constellation names
- instead of IAU designation.
-
- Revision 5.85 7-3-88
- Fixed problem that stars which are already plotted
- on the horizon display are erased because another
- star tries to plot on top of it. Fixed problem
- where pick display where it left out the negative
- sign on negative declinations.
-
- Revision 5.86 8-7-88
- Combined Program Logo screen and the star reading
- screen into one Logo screen.
-
- Revision 5.87 8-14-88
- Added 'Up' field to Planetary Data Display. This
- field contains an up-arrow if the body is above the
- horizon at the displayed time.
-
- Revision 5.88 8-18-88
- First TEST version released with print out option
- on the horizon screen.
-
- Revision 5.89 8-29-88
- Made changes to the horizon printout routine. Made
- Internal changes.
-
- Revision 5.90 9-6-88
- Changed time printout on Horizon display to show
- start time and current time when 'leave trails' is
- on. This then shows how long it took to make the
- trails on the screen.
-
- Revision 5.91 9-9-88
- Made same change as 5.90 to the Orbit display.
-
- Revision 6.00 9-10-88
- Fix to compiler now allows program to be compiled
- using Huge model. This allowed the following
- enhancements.
- Put 'Display Help' function back in.
- Did more work on Horizon display printout feature.
- Added screen dump function to the Orbit display.
- Incorporated .BGI and .CHR files into the program,
- they are no longer needed.
- Added update increment of 'Lunar Day' to time setup
- menu.
-
- Revision 6.01 9-12-88
- Added 'Planet Distances' display.
-
-
-
- Revision 6.02 9-13-88
- Changed 'Planet Distances' display to show distance
- of planets from Sun and from Earth.
-
- Revision 6.03 9-15-88
- Added distance measurement of Miles on the 'Planets
- Distances' display.
-
- Revision 6.04 9-16-88
- Fixed memory allocation problem on systems with
- 256k of memory. Added messages to confirm writing
- and reading of the menu save file.
-
- Revision 6.05 9-17-88
- Split out Planetary data display into three
- separate displays. 1-Planet Positions 2-Planet
- distances and 3-Planet rise/set times.
-
- Revision 6.06 9-18-88
- Added check in display printout routine to check
- for printer being off line.
-
- Revision 6.07 9-21-88
- Cosmos now displays the update mode and rate at the
- bottom of the horizon display.
-
- Revision 6.08 9-23-88
- Total-Rise-Time column added to the Rise-Times
- display.
-
- Revision 6.09 10-1-88
- Cursor (in pick mode) now screen wraps instead of
- stopping at the screen edges.
-
- Revision 6.10 10-22-88
- Enhanced program to use COSMOS environment variable.
- ( see Program Call section of document )
-
- Revision 6.11 11-1-88
- Added Monochrome (640x200) mode as a valid display
- mode.
-
- Revision 6.12 11-6-88
- Fixed potential problem with program selecting non-
- supported advance graphics modes.
-
- Revision 6.13 11-29-88
- Fixed problem of not plotting N.East stars when
- viewing N.West on the horizon display.
- Fixed program so it is now possible to PICK (see
- pick mode) the North Star.
-
-
- Revision 6.14 11-30-88
- Added support for European Daylight Savings Time.
-
- Revision 7.00 12-06-88
- Added display to show the size difference between
- planets ( see Size Display description )
-
- Revision 7.01 12-07-88
- Upgraded compiler for program to Turbo-C 2.0
-
- Revision 7.02 12-12-88
- Fixed problem with program crashing when dumping
- display to printer in VGA mode.
-
- Revision 7.03 12-13-88
- Fixed a rare bug in displaying the setting times of
- bodies when latitude is at the Arctic Circle.
-
- Revision 7.04 12-17-88
- Added Reset-Zoom function to Orbit Display. Fixed
- error on the Help Display.
-
- Revision 7.05 12-22-88
- Added support for Hercules Display mode.
-
- Revision 7.06 12-23-88
- Cosmos now displays the update mode and rate at the
- bottom of the Orbit display.
-
- Revision 7.07 12-24-88
- Enhanced PICK Mode to allow a Planet, the Sun or
- the Moon to be selected.
-
- Revision 7.08 12-26-88
- Added Planet Magnitude information to the Rise-
- Times display and the Pick Mode pop-up windows.
-
- Revision 7.09 12-28-88
- Fixes made to support Hercules Monochrome Mode.
-
- Revision 7.10 12-30-88
- Fixed problem with selecting the Moon in Pick Mode
- on Horizon Display.
-
- Revision 7.11 1-3-89
- Changed program to list all valid options if
- program is started with an invalid option.
-
- Revision 7.12 1-7-89
- Fixed a bug that would not allow -10,-11 or -12 to
- be entered into the TIME ZONE field on the LOCATION
- menu.
-
- Revision 7.13 1-10-89
- Removed check that would not let user enter Pick
- Mode when no stars had been plotted. Related to
- change in version 7.07
-
- Revision 7.14 1-23-89
- Fixed bug that caused intermittent program crashes
- due to floating point math errors.
-
- Revision 8.00 2/7/89
- Added Zenith Display Mode.
-
- Revision 8.01 2/8/89
- Added Zenith View Angle control from the main menu.
- MENU.SAV file must be re-created. MENU.SAV file
- created from previous version can not be used.
-
- Revision 8.02 2/8/89
- Fix to Zenith display to catch picks being made
- outside the display circle.
-
- Revision 8.03 2/9/89
- Changed layout of Zenith display to make it appear
- more as the sky would if looking up. Labeled West
- and East sides of Zenith display.
-
- Revision 8.04 3/8/89
- Starfile fixed to label Cancer constellation
- correctly. No actual changes to program.
-
- Revision 8.05 3/17/89
- Added automatic updating feature to the data
- displays -Rise Time display, Distance display, etc.
-
- Revision 8.06 4/28/89
- Added scroll functionality to the HORIZON display.
-
- Revision 8.07 4/30/89
- Added the Ecliptic Orbit Display.
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- j. Caveats
-
- Since this program was written on an EGA system,
- the displays were optimized to look best in EGA and
- VGA modes. Although the program does run in CGA
- mode, the display is of extremely low quality ( due
- to the low resolution ) and is not useful if any
- detail is required.
-
- The program is very math intensive and needs a math
- co-processor to run effectively. The program will
- run without math co-processor support, however the
- program becomes limited in its display updating
- due to the long calculation times of the math
- emulation routines.
-
-
- If you have a math co-processor and are interested
- in seeing just how slow this program will run
- without it, do the following.
- Before executing Cosmos ( at the DOS prompt ),
- type "set 87=n". The program, when run, will
- detect this value and use floating point emulation
- routines instead of the math chip.
- Now that you have seen what a good investment your
- math co-processor is, you can re-enable it by
- exiting Cosmos and typing "set 87=y".
-
- NOTE: the " (Quotes) were not supposed to be typed
- in.
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- k. Program Call
-
- After moving to the directory which contains
- Cosmos.exe, the .BGI and .CHR files, menu.sav and
- the starfile, the program should be called as
- follows:
-
- COSMOS {-options}
-
- Current options are:
-
- s -Do not pause during title display.
-
- n -Do not correct for Daylight Savings Time.
-
- d -Use European Daylight Savings Time Dates.
-
- v -Force VGA display mode.
- (640x480, 16 colors)
-
- e -Force EGA display mode.
- (640x350, 16 colors)
-
- c -Force CGA display mode.
- (320x200, 4 colors, palette 1)
-
- m -Force Monochrome display mode.
- (640x200, 2 colors)
-
- h -Force Hercules display mode.
- (720x348, 2 colors)
-
- Examples:
-
- cosmos -n
-
- { Would turn off DST correction }
-
-
- cosmos -v -n
-
- { Would turn off DST correction
- AND force the program to override
- the detected graphics mode and
- use VGA graphics display mode
- instead.
-
-
- *** NOTE ***: OPTIONS ARE CASE SENSITIVE.
-
- l. COSMOS Environment Variable
-
- If there is an environment variable COSMOS set, the
- program will use its value as the path to access
- the files used by the program.
- As an example, add the line SET COSMOS=C:\COSMOS\
- to the autoexec.bat file (assuming the directory
- c:\cosmos contains the cosmos program and all its
- related files). Now change to any other directory,
- say the root directory. Execute the cosmos program
- (c:\cosmos\cosmos). Cosmos will now be able to
- find its files even though you are not in the
- cosmos directory.
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-
- Terms of License
-
- As the licensee of the Full Function Version (excludes limited
- version) of this program, you may use it on one computer. If you
- are an individual (but not a company or an institution), you may
- use the program on any other computer(s) that you own
- personally. Companies and Institutions must register one copy
- per computer or obtain a site license.
-
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- Copyright Notice
-
- Everyone who purchase the full-function version will be notified
- of updates and enhancements to the program.
- If the version number displayed on the first screen ends with
- '(Limited)', this version of Cosmos is being distributed as a
- Limited Demonstration version. Its limitations are that it will
- work only for the years 1986 through 1988 and that it includes
- less stars in the data base. The Full Function version will work
- between the years 1700 and 2500. The full function version also
- includes over 2100 stars and messier objects.
- The Full Function version can be requested by sending a support
- donation using the form at the end of this document.
-
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- Limitations on distribution and use include the following:
-
- No responsibilities for the operation of Cosmos is assumed or
- implied by its author. The user of Cosmos uses the program
- at their own risk. The author assumes no responsibly for
- damages caused by use of this program.
-
- This program and its documentation may not be distributed if
- any changes have been made.
-
- The copyright notice and statement of authorship must not be
- modified or removed.
-
- All copies of the Full-Function (Unlimited) version must be
- registered and may not be distributed.
-
- Cosmos may not be distributed for profit.
-
-
- Use the following form to purchase the Full-Function (Unlimited)
- version of Cosmos.
-
-
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- Remit to: Gene W. Lee Order Form
- 7500 Colorado Ave N. 8.07
- Brooklyn Park, Mn.
- 55443
-
- Please send:
-
-
- ____ Cosmos Disk (Full-Function Version)....... @ $ 25.00 ea. $ ____
- (includes program and manual on disk)
-
-
- (Minnesota residents please add 6.0% sales tax) Tax ____
-
- Total $ ______
-
- Payment by: ( ) Check drawn on US Bank ( ) Money Order
-
-
- Name: ____________________________________________________________
-
- Organization: ________________________________________________________
-
- Address: ____________________________________________________________
-
- : ____________________________________________________________
-
- : ____________________________________________________________
-
- Day Phone: (___) _________________ Eve: (___) ___________________
-
-
- ORDERS OUTSIDE THE US: Use check or Money Order drawn on US BANK in
- US DOLLARS. Add $5 (per copy) for non-US shipping of orders.
-
- Sorry, no C.O.D. orders will be accepted.
-
- WARNING: YOU MAY NOT USE COSMOS WITHIN YOUR ORGANIZATION WITHOUT A
- PURCHASE OR LICENSE ARRANGEMENT.
-
- WARNING: The author assumes no responsibility for damages caused by
- uses of this program.
-
- PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.
-
-
- System Type Survey
-
- Computer Type ______________________________________________
-
- System Memory _______ Monitor Type ____________ Math Chip _______
-
-
- Index
-
-
-
- Actual, 24
- Altitude, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 17
- Ambient, 12
- Angle, 5, 10, 18, 24
- Apparent, 6, 9, 12, 15
- Arrows, 4
- Ascension, 6, 9, 15
- AU, 2, 17
- AUs, 9
- Automatic, 24
- Azimuth, 2, 6, 9, 17
- A' key, 9
-
- Bodies Leave Trails, 18
- Brightness, 4, 5
-
- Cancer, 24
- Cause, 9
- Caveats, 2, 25
- CGA, 3, 25, 26
- Clock' Update, 13
- Companies, 28
- Company, 28
- Compass, 5, 10, 17
- Constellation, 4, 5, 6, 12, 15, 20, 21, 24
- CONSTELLATIONS, 12, 19, 20
- Continuously, 9
- Copyright, 1, 2, 29, 30
- Correctly, 24
- COSMOS, 2, 3, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31
- Co-processor, 3, 19, 25
-
- Declination, 6, 9, 15
- Declinations, 21
- Default, 7, 8, 10, 16, 20
- Degree, 5
- Degrees, 17
- Diameter, 8
- Direction, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 17
- Distance, 2, 9, 10, 22, 24
- Distances, 21, 22
- Distortion, 4, 5
- Dome, 4
- DOS, 3, 20, 25
- DST, 16, 26
-
- Earth, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 22
- Ecliptic, 8
- Edge-on, 8
- EGA, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 17, 25, 26
- Elevation, 17
- Emulation, 25
- Equator, 14
- European, 16, 22, 26
- Excludes, 28
-
- Full-function, 29, 30, 31
- Functionality, 24
-
- GMT, 2, 16
- Graphics, 3, 22, 26
- Greenwich, 14, 16
-
- Height, 18, 19
- Hercules, 3, 23, 26
- Highlight, 4, 5, 6, 12, 20
- Highlighted, 12
- Highlighting, 6, 20
- Horizon, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
- 24
- HOUR, 13, 19
- Hours, 13
-
- Index, 2, 32
- Individual, 28
- Infinity, 12
- Institution, 28
- Institutions, 28
- Intensity, 12
- Introduction, 2, 3
-
- Jupiter, 20
-
- Kilometers, 9, 17
-
- Label, 24
- Latitude, 3, 10, 14, 18, 19, 23
- Latitudes, 19
- License, 2, 28, 31
- Licensee, 28
- Limitations, 3, 29, 30
- Location, 2, 10, 14, 16, 19, 23
- Longitude, 3, 10, 14
- Lunar, 13, 21
-
- Magnitude, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 23
- Magnitudes, 12
- Math, 3, 19, 20, 24, 25, 31
- Measure, 17
- Measured, 9, 10, 17
- Menu, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
- 26
- Menus, 12, 16
- Meridian, 14
- Messier, 3, 29
- Midnight, 19
- Miles, 8, 9, 22
- Minutes, 13, 17, 18, 19
- Monitor, 31
- Monochrome, 3, 22, 23, 26
- Moon, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23
- Moon's, 9
- Motion, 3, 7, 8, 18, 19
-
- Navigation, 17
- Nebula, 6, 15
- Neptune, 20
- Night, 19
- Noon, 18
- North, 5, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22
- Northern, 18
-
- Observer, 10, 17, 18
- Observer's, 14
- Obtain, 28
- Orbit, 3, 7, 8, 17, 21, 23
- Orbital, 2, 7, 8, 10, 14
-
- Personally, 28
- Perspective, 8
- Phase, 2, 4, 5, 9, 16
- Phases, 16
- Pick, 2, 4, 5, 6, 12, 20, 21, 22, 23
- Picked, 4, 5, 6, 12, 15, 20
- Picking, 6
- Picks, 24
- Planet, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 19, 21, 22, 23
- Planetarium, 1, 3, 4
- Planetary, 10, 19, 21, 22
- Planets, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 18, 19, 22, 23
- Plot, 21
- Plots, 17
- Plotted, 4, 5, 17, 21, 23
- Plotting, 22
- Point, 3, 6, 17, 18, 20, 24, 25
- Pointing, 6
- Print, 21
- Printer, 4, 5, 7, 8, 22, 23
- Printout, 21, 22
-
- Rate, 4, 5, 10, 13, 18, 19, 22, 23
- Ratio, 8
- Register, 28
- Reset-Zoom, 23
- Resolution, 3, 25
- Retrograde, 3, 19
- Revolution, 13
- Rise, 2, 9, 18, 19, 22, 24
- Rise-Times, 22, 23
- Rotates, 18
- Rotation, 18
-
- Scroll, 4, 24
- Sidereal, 13, 19
- Site, 28
- Skies, 3
- Sky, 3, 4, 5, 18, 19, 24
- Solar, 17
- Solstice, 18
- Spectral, 6, 15
- Star, 2, 4, 5, 6, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 22
- STARFILE, 2, 15, 20, 24, 26
- Stars, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 29
- Sun, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23
- Suns, 19
- Sun's, 18
-
- TIME ZONE, 16
- Total-Rise-Time, 22
- Trail, 7, 8, 10
- Trails, 4, 5, 7, 8, 18, 19, 21
-
- Units, 2, 9, 17
- Update, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23
- Update Mode, 9
-
- Vertical, 5
- VGA, 3, 23, 25, 26
-
- Waning, 17
- WARNING, 31
- Waxing, 17
-
- YEAR, 13, 18, 19
- Years, 3, 29
-
- Zenith, 2, 5, 6, 10, 24
- ZONE, 14, 23
- Zoom, 7, 8
- Zooms, 7, 8
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